What is the Piltdown hoax ? It was one of the biggest hoax to happen in the science world.It all begun on December 18, 1912 in the Southern English , in the town of Lewes in England in the village of Piltdown.A British amateur archaeologist one day he was digging in a gravel pitch what he had claimed to have found a piece of ancient human skull. He then invited a geologist by the name of Arthur Smith Woodward he was an English paleontologist , Known as a world expert in fossil fish.He worked in the Natural History Museum.Charles Dawson also invited Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, who was a French idealist philosopher  and Jesuit priest who trained as a paleontology and geologist.

The three of them made an astonishing finding at the gravel.They discovered a jaw bone a big discovery in England because it was never seen before, it didn't look like a human it looked like a jawbone of an ape.The holy grail of paleontology the connection between humans and apes.In December 1912 there was a meeting held of the royal geological society made the first public announcement of their findings.The human faults that come to play in this scenario is all these three men lied and deceived everyone. They deceived England this was huge in England they must have been disappointed, and the Scientist must be more disappointed because they thought they had to connection between humans and apes just to find out they been lied to.

After the discovery of the discovery of the jawbone some scientist were skeptical in 1949 they tested the fluorine content of the fossil and they discovered that the age of the fossil is less than 100 years of.They also discovered  an artificial stone and the teeth had been filed on the fossil and in the end they found out that the fossil beloved to a female orangutan whose teeth had had been filed it will look like a human like teeth. Dawson also found many other fossils with the same artificial stain found in the Piltdown fossil. At the end the finding has been just a hoax and there was never a connection between humans and apes.

The positive aspect of this situation is that when the modern scientist were able to date the skull and developed  a better technique so that they could avoid a fraud.The scientist use fluorine to determine the age of the object by trimming the duration of how long the object would absorb the fluorine  and chemical that was able to show the stains.The human factor in these cases of the Piltdown should be able to removed because back then because the didn't have the technology back then. Unfortunately the human factor is reducing now with all the new technology we have now that are more accurate. The life lesson from this hoax is that we need more research before confirming something so big like this cause or saying anything to the public until you have at least more than 3 scientists confirming Charles was an amateur  geologist  for a reason. 

1A)The two species that I choose is humans and gorilla, Humans are also known as homosapien they're the only surviving species of the genus homo.Humans are primates and they origin from African and mulitiregional origin.Gorilla are also known as hominoid there origin is Africa and southeast Asia.   

1b)The homologous trait for gorilla and human is gorilla has a opposable big toe where humans have a non opposable big toe/Parallel to other toes.Us as humans our big toe we don't need it but it is ver crucial we have it because our big toe helps us stand and keep balance.For gorilla opposable they use there big toe to grab things and to help climb.To apes there big toe is crucial because its almost another set of hands.Gorillas environment which is in the eastern lowland in the tropical forests requires them to survive and adapt to the forest.Whereas humans evolved and opposable toe isn't as necessary as gorilla.

1C)The  last common ancestor of the Gorilla and human goes back to about 10 million years agoThe first full sequence of the gorilla genome which was taken from a female western lowland gorilla by the name of Kamilah .The gorillas we have now are the last of the living great apes.Human and gorillas have its complete genetic sequence catalogued. The similarities in genes involved things from hearing to brain development.

1D) 

2A)The two species that I choose that have the same analogous trait is birds and bats.Birds are a group of endothermic vertebrates. Whats unique about birds are they have feathers , four chambered heart, beaked jaws,and they're also known for having a strong skeleton.Birds are considered reptilian, there is about 9,965 of different type of birds.Bats are mammas whats unique about about bats is there forelimbs from webbed wings,bats can see in the dark , and they can fly at a speed of 60 mph.Bats are the second largest order of mammals, and they're over 1,100 of bat species.

2B)Both bats and birds have wings ,structurally similar with this skin that stretch out when extending their arms and is fully functional as wings  to fly.Both bird and bat share the same diet coasting of fruits and nectar and are often around the same size.They both tend to avoid human contact,and they have streamlined bodies .Evolutionary selection pressures caused the mammal to evolve into wings to survive in their environment , birds need wings to migrate.

2C)It is possible that bats came from a bird descendant from ancient eras even though birds and bat wings are analogous. Birds and bats did not inherit wings from a common ancestor.

2D)

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